The Journal of Phytopharmacology 2026; 15(1):99-107 DOI:10.31254/phyto.2026.15114

Review Article

Exploring phytochemistry and pharmacology of the Apocynaceae family: A comprehensive review

Dhanyatha L Naik¹

Dhanyatha L Naik

1. Department of Floriculture and landscape architecture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, Tamil Nadu, India

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 4th October, 2025 / Accepted: 14th March, 2026 / Published : 30th March, 2026

Abstract

The Apocynaceae family, one of the largest and most medically significant angiosperm families, encompasses over 400 genera and approximately 5,000 species worldwide. Renowned for their production of diverse secondary metabolites including indole and steroidal alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, lactones and cardiac glycosides. These plants have been integral to traditional medicinal practices and modern pharmacotherapy. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the phytochemical diversity, biological activities and therapeutic applications of major Apocynaceae crops such as Catharanthus roseus, Rauvolfia serpentina, Nerium oleander, Plumeria species, Tabernaemontana and Vinca species. Emphasis is placed on validated bioactivities including anticancer, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, as well as emerging areas like antiviral and sustainable agricultural uses. The complex chemical profiles often exhibit synergistic bio efficacies with reduced toxicity compared to isolated compounds. Advances in phytochemical characterization, molecular biology and DNA barcoding have enhanced taxonomic resolution and quality control, fostering reliable identification and safety assurance. Despite well-documented therapeutic potentials, challenges in standardization, toxicity evaluation, bioavailability and clinical validation persist. Future research should prioritize integrative approaches combining metabolomics, genomics and synthetic biology to optimize bioactive compound production and develop novel, safe, and effective phytomedicines. This review highlights the Apocynaceae family's continuing relevance and vast untapped potential in the discovery of innovative therapeutic agents and bioactive products for sustainable human health and agriculture.